σχῆμα

σχῆμα, ατος, τό, ([etym.] ἔχω, σχεῖν)

A form, shape, figure, E.Ion238, Ar.V. 1170, Pl.R.601a, Thphr.Ign.52, etc.;

καθ' Ἡρακλέα τὸ σ. καὶ τὸ λῆμ' ἔχων Ar.Ra.463

;

διερεισαμένη τὸ σ. τῇ βακτηρίᾳ Id.Ec.150

;

Ἱππομέδοντος σ. καὶ μέγας τύπος A.Th.488

: in Trag. freq. in periphr., ὦ σ. πέτρας, = πέτρα, S.Ph.952;

σ. καὶ πρόσωπον εὐγενὲς τέκνων E.Med. 1072

;

σ. δόμων Id.Alc.911

(anap.), cf. Hec.619; Ἀσιάτιδος γῆς ς. Id.Andr.1: in pl., of one person, φωτὸς κακούργου σχήματ' Id.Fr.210; μορφῆς σχῆμα or σχήματα, Id.Ion992, IT292, cf. IG3.1417.14;

τὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ σ. μορφήν Arist.PA640b34

(but ἐν μορφῇ θεοῦ ὑπάρχων, opp. σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος, Ep.Phil.2.6 and 8);

τὰ σ. καὶ χρώματα Pl.R.373b

;

σχήμασι καὶ χρώμασι μιμεῖσθαι Arist.Po.1447a19

; κατὰ χρόαν ἢ ὄγκον ἢ σ. [τοῦ προσώπου] Gal.18(2).309; ὅσα παθήματα γίνεται ἀπὸ σχημάτων caused by peculiar conformations, Hp.VM22.

b atom, imagined as differing from other atoms mainly in shape,

ἐκ περιφερῶν συγκεῖσθαι σχημάτων Democr.

ap. Thphr.Sens.65; ἐκ μεγάλων σ. καὶ πολυγωνίων ib.66, cf. 67,al., Od.64.

2 appearance, opp. the reality, οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν . . ς. a mere outside, E.Fr.25, cf. 360.27, Pl.R.365c; show, pretence,

ἦν δὲ τοῦτο . . σ. πολιτικὸν τοῦ λόγου Th.8.89

;

οὐ σχήμασι, ἀλλὰ ἀληθείᾳ Pl.Epin.989c

; σχήματι ξενίας under the show of . . , Plu.Dio16, etc.

3 bearing, air, mien, Hdt.1.60;

τύραννον σ. ἔχειν S.Ant.1169

; ἄφοβον δεικνὺς ς. X.Cyr.6.4.20; ταπεινὸν ς. ib.5.1.5; ὑπηρέτου ς. D.23.210;

τῷ σχήματι, τῷ βλέμματι, τῇ φωνῇ Id.21.72

; ὄμμασι καὶ σχήμασι καὶ βαδίς ματι φαιδρός gestures, X.Ap.27, cf. Mem. 3.10.5; esp. outside show, pomp, τὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ς. Pl.Lg.685c; dignity, rank, οὐ κατὰ σ. φέρειν τι in a manner not dignified or seemly, Plb.3.85.9, cf. 5.56.1, Plu.2.44a, 631c, Luc.Peregr.25; πρεσβείας, ἱερείας ς., Aristid.1.490 J., Inscr.Olymp.941; ἔχει τι ς., c. inf., there's something to be said for . . , E.Tr.470, cf. IA983; of the stately air of a horse, X.Eq.1.8,7.10.

4 fashion, manner,

ἑτέρῳ σ. ζητεῖν Hp.VM2

; σ. μὲν γὰρ Ἑλλάδος στολῆς ὑπάρχει fashion of dress, S.Ph. 223;

σ. τοῦ κόσμου E.Ba.832

, 1 Ep.Cor.7.31; σ. βίου, μάχης, E.Med. 1039, Ph.252 (lyr.); τούτῳ . . κατῴκουν τῷ ς. Pl.Criti.112d.

b dress, equipment,

ἀρχαίῳ σ. λαμπρός Ar.Eq.1331

; βαβαιὰξ τοῦ ς. Id.Ach.64, cf. X.Oec.2.4, Theoc.10.35, App.BC1.16; τὸ τῆς πορφύρας ς., = Lat. latus clavus, IGRom.3.1422 ([place name] Prusias); ἐν τῷ σ. ἱερέ[ως] ib. 69.17 (ibid., cf. Glotta 14.80), cf.Sammelb.7449.10 (V A.D.), PLond.5.1729.25 (vi A.D.).

5 character, role, μεταβαλεῖν τὸ ς. Pl.Alc.1.135d;

πάντα σ. ποιεῖν Id.R.576a

;

ἐν μητρὸς σχήματι Id.Lg.918e

, cf. 859a; ἀπολαβεῖν τὸ ἑαυτῶν ς. to recover their proper character, X.Cyr.7.1.49.

6 character, characteristic propetry of a thing, [πόλεως] Th.6.89;

πολιτείας Pl.Plt.291d

; βάσιλείας σ. ἔχει the form of monarchy, Arist.EN1160b25;

τὸ σ. τῆς λέξεως δεῖ μήτε ἔμμετρον εἶναι μήτε ἄρρυθμον Id.Rh.1408b21

(but τὰ σ. τῆς λέξεως the forms (modes) used in poetry, such as entreaty, threat, command, Id.Po.1456b9); τὰ τῆς κωμῳδίας ς. its characteristic forms, ib.1448b36; ἐν σχήματι νόμου in form of law, Pl.Lg.718b; ἐν ἀπολογίας ς. Isoc.15.8; ἐν μύθου ς. Arist.Metaph.1074b2, cf. Pl.Ti.22c; τὸ τῆς διαίτης ς. Gal.15.582;

αἱ κατὰ σχήματα πυρετῶν διαφοραί Id.19.183

.

7 a figure in Dancing, Ar.V.1485: mostly in pl., figures, gestures (cf. σχημάτιον), E.Cyc. 221, Ar.Pax323, Pl.Lg.669d, Epigr. ap. Plu.2.732f, etc.;

σχήματα πρὸς τὸν αὐλὸν ὀρχεῖσθαι X.Smp.7.5

; ἐν . . μουσικῇ καὶ σχήματα . . καὶ μέλη ἔνεστι figures and tunes, Pl.Lg.655a; also of the postures of an athlete, Isoc.15.183: generally, posture, position, Hp.Off.11, al., Ar. Ra.538(lyr.), Thphr.Lass.3,14; of the foetus, Sor.2.55; τὸ τῆς κατακλίσεως ς. the patient's attitude as he lies in bed, Gal.16.578, cf. 665; cf.

σχηματίζω 11.3

.

b Rhet., figure of speech, Pl.Ion536c, Cic.Brut. 37.141, etc.; [

ἡ τοῦ Θουκυδίδου φράσις] πλήρης σχημάτων D.H.Pomp. 5

, cf. Amm.2.2; for σ. Πινδαρικόν, etc., v. Hdn.Fig.p.100S.

c in Logic, figure of a syllogism, Arist.APr.26b33,al., Thphr.Fr.59.

d τὸ σ. τῆς λέξεως, both the grammatical form of a sentence, Arist.SE 166b10, cf. Gal.16.709, etc.; and its rhythmical form, Arist.Rh.l.c. supr.6, etc.

e grammatical form of a word, Hp.Vict.1.23, D.T.635.21, A.D.Pron.17.25,al.

8 geometrical figure, Arist.de An.414b20, al., Onos.10.28;

μονωτάτη πάντων ἀριθμῶν δυὰς σχήματος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιδεκτική Theol.Ar.7

.

b phase of the moon, Ptol.Tetr.21, Vett.Val. 106.28.

c Astrol., aspect, Plot.2.3.1, Man.3.5,212, al.

d configuration of birds in augury, τοῖς τῶν γυναικῶν σχήμασι σῷ ζεσθαι to be saved by the configurations (of birds) appropriate to women, Gal.15.445.

9 in Tactics, military formation, X.An.1.10.10.

10 = τὸ αἰδοῖον LXXIs.3.17.